Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Article Title: Mast cell promotes obesity by activating microglia in hypothalamus

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1544213

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pharmacological stabilization of mast cells in brain improves metabolic homeostasis in HFD-fed mice. (A) Body weight and body weight changes (B) in control and cromolyn sodium-injected mice, n = 8 per group. DEXA images (C) and fat mass (D) of control and cromolyn sodium-injected mice. Representative H&E-stained images of adipose tissue (E) and average adipocyte size (F) , n = 8 per group. (G, H) Representative H&E-stained liver images and relative lipid droplet area, n = 8 per group. (I, J) Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and area under the curve (AUC), n = 8 per group. (K-N) Food intake and total energy expenditure in both groups of mice, n = 8 per group. ns, not significant. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, two-tailed Student’s t-test (D, H, J, L, M, N) , two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test (A, I, K) .

Article Snippet: For cromolyn sodium treatment, HFD-fed mice implanted with a guide cannula targeting the lateral ventricle were administered cromolyn sodium (MCE, HY-B0320A) intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) daily at a dose of 10 µg, immediately before the light was turned off.

Techniques: Control, Injection, Staining, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Article Title: Mast cell promotes obesity by activating microglia in hypothalamus

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1544213

Figure Lengend Snippet: Microglia mediates the effects of cromolyn sodium on energy balance. (A, B) Immunostaining and quantification of the microglial marker Iba1 in Kit^W-sh/W-sh mice and control mice. (C, D) Immunostaining and quantification of Iba1 in the control and cromolyn sodium-treated mice. (E, F) Immunostaining and quantification of Iba1 in control and PLX5622 treated mice. (G-I) After intracranial administration of the microglial cell-depleting agent PLX5622, differences in food intake, oxygen consumption, and energy expenditure between the cromolyn-treated group and the control saline group were observed. ns, not significant. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, two-tailed Student’s t-test (B, D, F) , two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test (G-I) .

Article Snippet: For cromolyn sodium treatment, HFD-fed mice implanted with a guide cannula targeting the lateral ventricle were administered cromolyn sodium (MCE, HY-B0320A) intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) daily at a dose of 10 µg, immediately before the light was turned off.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Marker, Control, Saline, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Article Title: Mast cell promotes obesity by activating microglia in hypothalamus

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1544213

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pharmacological inhibition of mast cells activated POMC neurons and ameliorated leptin resistance. (A, B) Immunofluorescence staining of c-Fos in hypothalamus and quantification in control and cromolyn sodium-injected mice. (C, D) Immunofluorescence staining for POMC and c-Fos in the ARC brain region and quantification in control and cromolyn sodium-injected mice. (E, F) Immunofluorescence staining for p-STAT3 in the ARC brain region and quantification in control and cromolyn sodium-injected mice. (G) Food intake after intraperitoneal injection of leptin or saline in control and cromolyn sodium-injected mice. ns, not significant. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, two-tailed Student’s t-test (B, D, E, G) , two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test (H) .

Article Snippet: For cromolyn sodium treatment, HFD-fed mice implanted with a guide cannula targeting the lateral ventricle were administered cromolyn sodium (MCE, HY-B0320A) intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) daily at a dose of 10 µg, immediately before the light was turned off.

Techniques: Inhibition, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Control, Injection, Saline, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Article Title: Mast cell promotes obesity by activating microglia in hypothalamus

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1544213

Figure Lengend Snippet: POMC-melanocortin system participated in the effects of cromolyn sodium on energy balance. (A, B) Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of α-MSH in the hypothalamic PVN nucleus in brain slices from control and cromolyn sodium-injected mice. (C, D) Immunofluorescence co-staining and quantification of α-MSH in the hypothalamic DMH nucleus in brain slices from control and cromolyn sodium-injected mice. (E, F) Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of c-Fos in brain slices from control and cromolyn sodium-injected mice, which were i.c.v. saline control and SHU9119. (G, H) Food intake, oxygen consumption, and energy expenditure in control and cromolyn sodium-injected mice, as well as saline and SHU9119. ns, not significant. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, two-tailed Student’s t-test (B, D) , two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test (F-I) .

Article Snippet: For cromolyn sodium treatment, HFD-fed mice implanted with a guide cannula targeting the lateral ventricle were administered cromolyn sodium (MCE, HY-B0320A) intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) daily at a dose of 10 µg, immediately before the light was turned off.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Control, Injection, Saline, Two Tailed Test